NHE1 activity is finely tuned by various mechanisms:
Phosphorylation: Protein kinases such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) can phosphorylate NHE1, altering its activity. Intracellular pH: Changes in intracellular pH can directly influence NHE1 activity. Interaction with other proteins: NHE1 can interact with cytoskeletal elements and other regulatory proteins, affecting its function.