The regulation of ketogenesis involves several key enzymes. The rate-limiting step is catalyzed by HMG-CoA synthase, which converts acetyl-CoA to HMG-CoA. This step is regulated by the availability of substrates and by hormonal signals. High levels of acetyl-CoA and low insulin levels activate HMG-CoA synthase. Additionally, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), an enzyme involved in the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, plays a crucial role in controlling the supply of fatty acids for ketogenesis.
