Regulation of keratinocyte apoptosis is critical for skin health and involves a balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals. Growth factors such as EGF and cytokines including IL-1 and TNF-alpha can modulate apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL counteract pro-apoptotic signals, promoting cell survival. Additionally, the p53 protein acts as a critical regulator by inducing apoptosis in response to DNA damage, ensuring that damaged cells do not proliferate. Dysregulation of these pathways can lead to skin disorders and diseases such as cancer.
