Chromaffin cells are specialized cells found primarily in the medulla of the adrenal glands. These cells are named after their ability to stain with chromium salts, a feature that makes them easily identifiable under the microscope. They are part of the sympathetic nervous system and play a crucial role in the body's response to stress by secreting catecholamines, such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).