In histological studies, H2AX and its phosphorylated form γ-H2AX can be detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence techniques. These methods employ specific antibodies that bind to H2AX or γ-H2AX, allowing researchers to visualize the localization and intensity of the protein within tissue sections. The presence of γ-H2AX foci can be used to assess the extent of DNA damage and repair in various cell types and tissues.
