What are the Limitations of Using γ-H2AX as a Biomarker?

While γ-H2AX is a valuable marker for DNA damage, it has some limitations. The formation of γ-H2AX foci is not exclusively specific to DNA double-strand breaks; it can also occur in response to other types of DNA damage and cellular stress. Moreover, the detection of γ-H2AX foci can be influenced by factors such as cell cycle stage, chromatin structure, and the efficiency of the DNA damage response pathways. These factors should be considered when interpreting results from γ-H2AX studies.