Fixation: Cells or tissues are fixed using chemicals like formaldehyde to preserve their structure. Permeabilization: This step makes the cell membrane permeable to allow dyes or antibodies to enter. Blocking: Non-specific binding sites are blocked to prevent background staining. Primary Staining: The sample is incubated with a primary antibody or dye that binds to the target molecule. Secondary Staining: If required, a secondary antibody conjugated with a fluorescent dye is applied. Mounting: The sample is mounted on a slide with a mounting medium. Imaging: The stained sample is observed under a fluorescence microscope.
