The regulation of cytochrome c is multifaceted: - Bcl-2 Family Proteins: These proteins regulate MOMP and cytochrome c release. Anti-apoptotic members like Bcl-2 inhibit cytochrome c release, while pro-apoptotic members like Bax and Bak promote it. - Post-Translational Modifications: Cytochrome c can undergo various modifications, such as phosphorylation, which can influence its function in both electron transport and apoptosis.
