The expression and activity of CYP7A1 are tightly regulated by several mechanisms. Nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor (LXR) play a significant role in this regulation. FXR is activated by bile acids and suppresses the expression of CYP7A1, while LXR is activated by oxysterols and promotes its expression. Additionally, hormonal regulation involving insulin and glucagon also impacts CYP7A1 activity.
