Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways. Histologically, one can observe thickening of the airway walls, goblet cell hyperplasia, and increased mucus production. The smooth muscle layer is hypertrophied, and there is increased vascularity. Eosinophils and other inflammatory cells infiltrate the bronchial mucosa. These changes lead to airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness, causing difficulty in breathing during asthma attacks.
