The regulation of Apaf-1 occurs at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications. Transcription factors such as p53 can upregulate the expression of Apaf-1 in response to DNA damage. Post-transcriptionally, microRNAs can modulate Apaf-1 mRNA stability and translation. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, can influence Apaf-1's ability to form the apoptosome and its interaction with other proteins.
