VEGF functions by binding to its receptors on the surface of endothelial cells. The primary receptors are VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Upon binding, a series of intracellular signaling cascades are activated, leading to endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and new blood vessel formation. The process is intricate and involves multiple steps, including degradation of the extracellular matrix to allow for new vessel sprouting.
