Peripheral sensitization occurs through a series of molecular and cellular changes. When a tissue is injured or inflamed, inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins, bradykinin, and cytokines are released. These mediators interact with their respective receptors on the peripheral nociceptors, leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. This results in the upregulation of ion channels, such as sodium channels and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, making the nociceptors more sensitive to stimuli.
