The progression of PAD can be described in stages:
Early Stage: Characterized by endothelial dysfunction and the initial accumulation of lipids within the intima. Intermediate Stage: Involves the formation of a fibrous cap and further deposition of lipids and inflammatory cells. The arterial lumen begins to narrow. Advanced Stage: Extensive plaque formation, calcification, and significant narrowing of the arterial lumen. There may be evidence of plaque rupture and thrombosis, leading to acute ischemic events.
