Tissue Biopsy: Obtaining a biopsy sample from the affected artery, typically during surgical procedures. Staining Techniques: Using specific stains such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to visualize cellular and structural changes, and special stains like Oil Red O to identify lipid deposits. Immunohistochemistry: Employing antibodies to detect markers of inflammation, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial dysfunction.
