Metformin's primary target in the pancreas is the beta cells, which are responsible for insulin secretion. Studies have shown that metformin can improve the insulin secretory function of pancreatic beta cells. It does this by enhancing the [AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)]() pathway, which plays a crucial role in cellular energy homeostasis. Activation of AMPK leads to improved insulin receptor signaling and glucose uptake.
