Differential gene expression is controlled at multiple levels, including:
Transcriptional regulation: Factors such as transcription factors and enhancers/repressors influence the initiation of transcription. Post-transcriptional regulation: Processes such as RNA splicing, editing, and degradation affect mRNA levels. Translational regulation: Mechanisms control the efficiency and rate at which mRNA is translated into proteins. Post-translational regulation: Protein modifications and degradation influence the functional state and levels of proteins.
