Hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, can significantly alter the cellular microenvironment. Cells adapt to hypoxic conditions by activating hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which regulate the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, and survival. In the context of tumors, hypoxia can promote a more aggressive phenotype, leading to increased invasiveness and resistance to therapy. Studying hypoxic responses is important for understanding and treating diseases associated with poor oxygen supply.
