The immune response to pathogens involves both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, recognize pathogens through pattern recognition receptors and initiate an inflammatory response. Histologically, this is seen as an influx of these cells to the site of infection. Adaptive immunity involves the activation of T and B lymphocytes, leading to the production of antibodies and cytotoxic T cells that target the pathogen. This can be observed histologically as lymphoid aggregates or germinal centers in infected tissues.
