The thyroid gland is highly sensitive to hormonal changes. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland regulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). An imbalance can lead to conditions such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, each causing distinct histological changes. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid follicles may become hyperplastic, while in hypothyroidism, the gland may show atrophic changes.
