How Do Histological Features Affect Cardiac Output?
Several histological features of the heart's tissues directly influence cardiac output:
Cardiomyocytes: The contractile cells of the heart, whose size, shape, and integrity affect the heart’s ability to pump blood. Extracellular Matrix: Provides structural support to cardiac cells and influences their function and repair mechanisms. Vascularization: Adequate blood supply to the heart muscle is essential for its function; this is ensured by the coronary arteries. Nerve Supply: The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate and contractility, affecting cardiac output.
