The formation of SAHF involves several steps and key proteins. Initially, a cellular stress signal triggers the activation of the p53 and p16INK4a pathways. These pathways lead to the activation of Rb (Retinoblastoma protein), which then interacts with chromatin remodeling complexes to condense the chromatin. Proteins such as HMGA and other histone modifiers contribute to the establishment of the heterochromatic state characteristic of SAHF.
