For DNA and RNA targets, probes are typically designed as _oligonucleotides_ that are complementary to a specific sequence of the target molecule. The design process involves:
1. Sequence Selection: Choosing a unique sequence within the target molecule to ensure specificity. 2. Melting Temperature (Tm) Calculation: Ensuring that the probe has an appropriate Tm for stable binding under the chosen hybridization conditions. 3. Secondary Structure Avoidance: Designing the probe to avoid secondary structures that could interfere with binding. 4. Labeling: Attaching a suitable label to the probe for detection.
