Histological changes induced by drugs are detected using various staining techniques and microscopic examinations. Common methods include:
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining: The most widely used staining method, providing a general overview of tissue structure and cellular details. Special Stains: Techniques such as Masson's trichrome for collagen, Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) for glycogen, and Oil Red O for lipids, which highlight specific cellular components. Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Utilizes antibodies to detect specific proteins, enabling the identification of cellular markers and signaling pathways affected by drugs. Electron Microscopy: Provides ultrastructural details, allowing for the examination of subcellular changes induced by drug treatments.
