What is CD38?
CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme and surface glycoprotein that is widely expressed in various cell types, including immune cells, muscle cells, and certain epithelial cells. It plays a significant role in cell adhesion, signal transduction, and calcium signaling.
Enzymatic Activity: It catalyzes the conversion of NAD+ into ADP-ribose, cyclic ADP-ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), which are important for intracellular calcium signaling.
Signal Transduction: CD38 participates in various signaling pathways, influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Cell Adhesion: It facilitates cell-cell interactions, particularly in the immune system, aiding in
immune responses.
Cancer: CD38 is overexpressed in certain cancers like
multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It serves as a therapeutic target for monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab.
Autoimmune Diseases: Abnormal CD38 expression is observed in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis.
Metabolic Disorders: CD38 is involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, linking it to metabolic conditions like diabetes.
Immunology: Studying CD38's role in immune cell function and its potential as a biomarker for immune-related diseases.
Oncology: Investigating CD38-targeted therapies for cancers, particularly hematological malignancies.
Metabolism: Exploring CD38's involvement in metabolic pathways and its implications in metabolic disorders.
Conclusion
CD38 is a versatile molecule with significant roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Its wide expression and multifunctional nature make it a focal point in histological studies, with implications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
