The ability of cancer cells to spread, or metastasize, is a hallmark of malignancy. This process involves several steps:
Local Invasion: Cancer cells invade neighboring tissues by breaking down the extracellular matrix using enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases. Intravasation: Cancer cells enter the blood or lymphatic vessels. Circulation: Cancer cells travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to distant sites. Extravasation: Cancer cells exit the vessels and invade new tissues. Colonization: Cancer cells proliferate and form secondary tumors at the new site.
