Several molecular factors influence axonal growth:
1. Neurotrophins: These are a family of proteins that promote the survival, development, and function of neurons. Examples include nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
2. Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs): These molecules facilitate the interaction between the growth cone and the extracellular matrix or other cells. Examples include N-CAM and L1.
3. Guidance Cues: These can be attractive or repulsive signals. Netrins, semaphorins, slits, and ephrins are examples of molecules that provide directional cues to growing axons.
