SASP can be triggered by various stressors, including:
1. DNA damage: Persistent DNA damage can activate the DNA damage response (DDR), leading to senescence and SASP. 2. Oxidative stress: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce cellular senescence and subsequent SASP. 3. Oncogene activation: The activation of oncogenes like RAS can cause a cell to enter senescence and adopt the SASP phenotype.
