Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining: The most common staining technique, it helps visualize general tissue structure and identify abnormalities. Special Stains: Techniques like Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and Giemsa stain are used to identify specific types of bacteria, mycobacteria, and parasites, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Uses antibodies to detect specific antigens in tissues, allowing precise identification of pathogens. In Situ Hybridization (ISH): Detects specific nucleic acid sequences within tissues, useful for identifying viral infections. Electron Microscopy: Provides detailed images of ultrastructural changes in tissues caused by infections.
