Immunohistochemistry (IHC): This technique uses antibodies to detect specific proteins within tissue sections, providing insights into protein expression and localization. In situ hybridization (ISH): This method allows for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences within tissues, helping to identify gene expression patterns. Electron microscopy: This offers high-resolution images of tissue ultrastructure, revealing detailed cellular and subcellular architecture. Fluorescence microscopy: This technique uses fluorescent dyes to visualize and quantify specific components within tissue sections.