Glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, play a crucial role in the response to neuronal damage. Astrocytes contribute to the formation of the glial scar, which can inhibit axonal regeneration. Microglia act as the immune cells of the brain, phagocytosing debris and secreting inflammatory cytokines. Oligodendrocytes are involved in the myelination of axons, and their damage can lead to demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
