The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in cancer metastasis. It consists of various non-cancerous cells, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells, as well as the ECM. These components interact with cancer cells, influencing their behavior and promoting metastatic potential. For instance, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) secrete growth factors and cytokines that aid in cancer cell invasion and migration.
