What is the Role of NMDA Receptors in Synaptic Plasticity?

NMDA receptors play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, particularly in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). These processes are fundamental for synaptic strengthening and weakening, respectively. When the postsynaptic neuron is sufficiently depolarized, the Mg²⁺ block is removed from the NMDA receptor channel, allowing Ca²⁺ influx. The calcium entry triggers intracellular signaling cascades that lead to synaptic changes associated with LTP or LTD.