Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets that plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissues, and inhibits hepatic glucose production. In histological terms, insulin deficiency or resistance can lead to altered cellular metabolism and tissue damage. For example, in diabetic individuals, the lack of insulin or insulin resistance can result in lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
