The AIRE protein is crucial for the expression of a diverse set of self-antigens within the thymus. It ensures that immature T-cells are exposed to a wide range of self-antigens, thereby enhancing the probability that autoreactive T-cells will be identified and eliminated. Mutations in the AIRE gene can lead to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), underscoring its importance in negative selection.
