Matrix vesicles contain a unique set of molecules that are essential for their function in biomineralization. These include various enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, which plays a pivotal role in the hydrolysis of phosphate esters, and phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid that helps in the nucleation of mineral crystals. They also contain proteins like annexins, which are involved in calcium binding, and matrix metalloproteinases, which help in remodeling the extracellular matrix.
