IHC markers play a crucial role in clinical diagnostics and research. They are particularly useful in:
- Cancer Diagnosis: Identifying the origin and type of cancer cells. For example, PSA for prostate cancer and ER/PR for breast cancer. - Prognosis: Markers like p53 and Bcl-2 help in determining the prognosis of cancer patients. - Infectious Diseases: Identifying pathogens in tissue samples, such as CMV in immunocompromised patients. - Autoimmune Diseases: Detecting specific autoantibodies in diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
