Mutations in the TP53 gene are among the most common genetic alterations found in human cancers. These mutations often result in the loss of normal p53 function, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Mutant p53 proteins can also gain new functions that promote tumorigenesis, a phenomenon known as gain-of-function mutations. In histological samples, mutated p53 may show altered expression patterns, which can be identified using IHC as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
