What Happens When Extracellular Solute Concentrations are Abnormal?
Abnormal extracellular solute concentrations can lead to various pathological conditions:
1. Hyponatremia: Low sodium levels can cause symptoms ranging from headaches and nausea to seizures and coma. 2. Hyperkalemia: Elevated potassium levels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. 3. Hypocalcemia: Low calcium levels can result in muscle spasms and cardiac issues. 4. Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis: Imbalances in bicarbonate can affect the body's pH, leading to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.
