Several factors influence the survival of neurons, including:
1. Growth Factors: Neurons rely on a range of growth factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), to support their growth, maintenance, and survival.
2. Synaptic Activity: Regular synaptic activity is essential for neuronal health. It promotes the release of neurotransmitters that support survival and plasticity.
3. Environmental Stressors: Neurons are susceptible to environmental stressors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypoxia, which can lead to neuronal damage and death.
4. Genetic Factors: Genetic mutations or alterations can impact neuronal survival by affecting the production of essential proteins or disrupting normal cellular processes.
5. Cellular Environment: The microenvironment, including the presence of glial cells and extracellular matrix components, plays a significant role in neuronal survival.
