FGFs exert their effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors known as Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs). These receptors are tyrosine kinase receptors that, upon binding with FGFs, undergo dimerization and autophosphorylation, initiating a cascade of downstream signaling pathways. There are four main types of FGFRs (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4), each with multiple isoforms due to alternative splicing.
