Several factors can lead to tubulointerstitial changes, including:
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Progressive loss of renal function often accompanied by fibrotic and inflammatory changes. - Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Sudden damage to the kidneys that can cause acute tubular necrosis and interstitial inflammation. - Infections: Pyelonephritis and other kidney infections can lead to significant tubulointerstitial damage. - Toxins and Drugs: Nephrotoxic drugs like certain antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents can induce tubular damage and interstitial inflammation. - Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions such as lupus nephritis and Sjögren's syndrome can cause immune-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis.
