- BMP Ligands: These are the signaling molecules themselves, such as BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7. - BMP Receptors: Type I receptors (e.g., ALK3, ALK6) and type II receptors (e.g., BMPR2). - SMAD Proteins: Intracellular mediators including R-SMADs (SMAD1, SMAD5, SMAD8) and the common mediator SMAD4. - Antagonists: Proteins like Noggin, Chordin, and Gremlin that inhibit BMP signaling by binding to BMP ligands and preventing receptor interaction.
