RPE cells exhibit several unique characteristics: - Pigmentation: High content of melanin granules. - Polarity: Apical and basal sides with distinct functions. - Microvilli: Apical microvilli that extend between photoreceptor cells. - Phagocytic Activity: Ability to phagocytose photoreceptor outer segments. - Tight Junctions: Formation of a part of the blood-retina barrier.
