assessing tissue damage

What are the Indicators of Tissue Damage?

Several histological features can indicate tissue damage, including:
Cellular Swelling: This is an early sign of cell injury, characterized by the enlargement of cells due to the influx of water.
Nuclear Changes: These include pyknosis (nuclear shrinkage), karyorrhexis (nuclear fragmentation), and karyolysis (nuclear dissolution), which are indicative of cell death.
Inflammation: The presence of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages can indicate tissue damage and the body's response to injury.
Fibrosis: This is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue as a reparative response to injury, often seen in chronic damage.
Hemorrhage: The presence of extravasated red blood cells can indicate vascular damage and bleeding within the tissue.

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