Several histological features can indicate tissue damage, including:
Cellular Swelling: This is an early sign of cell injury, characterized by the enlargement of cells due to the influx of water. Nuclear Changes: These include pyknosis (nuclear shrinkage), karyorrhexis (nuclear fragmentation), and karyolysis (nuclear dissolution), which are indicative of cell death. Inflammation: The presence of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages can indicate tissue damage and the body's response to injury. Fibrosis: This is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue as a reparative response to injury, often seen in chronic damage. Hemorrhage: The presence of extravasated red blood cells can indicate vascular damage and bleeding within the tissue.