Several markers can be used to identify hypoxic cells in tissue samples. These include hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are transcription factors that become stabilized and active under low oxygen conditions. HIFs regulate the expression of genes involved in adaptive responses to hypoxia, such as angiogenesis and increased glycolysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be employed to detect these markers, providing a visual representation of hypoxic regions within tissues.
