While acyclovir primarily targets viral DNA synthesis, its administration can have various histological effects on tissues, particularly in cells that have a high proliferation rate. Since the drug selectively targets viral-infected cells, normal cells are generally spared from significant damage. However, long-term or high-dose usage can cause some adverse effects in certain tissues. Liver and kidney tissues are particularly important to monitor during acyclovir therapy due to their roles in metabolizing and excreting the drug. Histological examinations may reveal minor changes in these tissues, such as mild inflammation or cellular swelling, especially in cases of overdose or prolonged usage.
