What are the histological changes observed with long-term use of medications?

Long-term use of certain medications can induce histological changes in tissues. For example, chronic use of corticosteroids can lead to atrophy of the adrenal cortex, while long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause gastrointestinal mucosal damage, including ulceration and perforation. Additionally, long-term immunosuppressive therapy, often used in organ transplant patients, can result in chronic allograft nephropathy, characterized by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in the transplanted kidney.