1. Cell Lysis: The first step involves breaking open the cells to release their contents. This can be achieved through mechanical disruption, enzymatic treatment, or chemical methods. 2. Clarification: The lysate is then clarified by centrifugation to remove cell debris and other insoluble materials. 3. Protein Isolation: Various techniques such as chromatography, electrophoresis, and precipitation are employed to isolate the target protein from the clarified lysate. 4. Purification: The isolated protein undergoes further purification to remove contaminants and obtain a highly pure protein sample. 5. Characterization: Finally, the purified protein is characterized to confirm its identity, purity, and functionality.
