The G2 phase is tightly regulated by several checkpoint mechanisms to ensure that the cell is ready to enter mitosis. These checkpoints verify that DNA replication is complete and free of errors. Key regulators include:
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs): These are activated by cyclins and are crucial for progressing through the cell cycle. P53 protein: Known as the "guardian of the genome," it halts the cell cycle if DNA damage is detected. ATM and ATR kinases: These proteins sense DNA damage and activate repair pathways.
